高原藏族

 

高原藏族这是一个懂得生命意义、具有高度文化的民族。居住在四川的藏族人民约有126万，主要分布在甘孜、阿坝两州和木里县等地。悠久的历史文化、虔诚的宗教信仰，赋予他们纯朴善良、淡定从容的独特气质。这里拥有藏族文化的宝库德格印经院，这里诞生了世界最长的英雄史诗《格萨尔王传》，高山草甸、民风民俗和藏传佛教融合在一起，形成了一幅独特的藏族生活风情画卷。

 

                           Tibetan On The plateau
Tibetan is a nationality with high level culture and respect for the meaning of the life. Today, there are about 1.26 million Tibetan living in Sichuan.

they are mainly distributed in Ganzi and Aba prefectures and Muli county. Long history of culture and devout religious belief make them pure, kind and calm. Dege Sutra Printing House is the treasure house of Tibet culture. The longest epic “The biography of King Gesar” was born there. The combination of alpine meadows, folk customs and Tibetan Buddhism outline a unique scene of Tibetan life.

 

          

 

                                            藏族文化艺术

青藏高原约在5万年前就有了人类的活动，从游走到定居、种植作物、用粘土制作碗和罐、开采金属并把它们制成用具、装饰品和武器，用毛和植物纤维织成布料，食器、家具、衣物、地毯和宗教法器等，其淳厚的高原气息和浓重的民族特质，是祖国艺术宝库中的重要部分，是保护研究传承藏文化的珍贵史料。

藏民族的宗教文化与木板雕刻艺术是青藏高原人类文明发展中迈出的重要一步。德格在历史上是藏族传统绘画的重要传承地，自18世纪以来，德格印经院木制印版把藏族传统绘画中的“唐卡”艺术融入刻版之中，这一创新具有较高的艺术造诣。本馆陈列的藏文化拓片彰显德格印经院珍藏近400年木板雕刻技艺，它纤毫毕现，极尽工细，令人叹为观止！

                                                                         Tibetan culture art

The Qinghai Tibet Plateau had human activities about 50000 years ago, from wandering to settling down, planting crops, making clay bowls and pots, mining metals and making them into utensils, decorations and weapons; weaving wool and plant fibers into cloth, utensils, furniture, clothing, carpets and religious instruments. Their rich plateau atmosphere and strong national characteristics, are not only the important part of Chinese art but also precious historical materials for the protection, research and inheritance of Tibetan culture.

Tibetan religious culture and wood carving art is an important step in the development of human civilization in the Tibetan Plateau. Dege is an important historical heritage place of Tibetan traditional painting. Since the 18th century, the wooden plate of Dege scripture printing house has integrated the "Thangka" art of Tibetan traditional painting into the plate. This innovation has high artistic attainments. The rubbings of Tibetan culture on display in this museum show the wood carving skills of Dege printing scripture Institute in the past 400 years. It is very delicate and exquisite, which is amazing!

 

  

                                           金属工艺

金属工艺是以金、银、铜、铁为基本原料，用熔炼、范铸、捶揲、焊接、炸珠、镌镂、掐丝和镶嵌的工艺，加工制成的宗教用品、民间日常用具以及饰品等。它采用形象、寓意等手法，将祈福纳祥的主题含蓄地转化为图形，创造出了图纹丰富、雕琢玲珑的精品，表达了藏族传统艺术的精神品格和价值趋向。

                                                                                   Metalworking

Metalworking is a kind of religious articles, folk daily utensils and ornaments processed that use gold, silver, copper and iron as the basic raw materials, and use smelting, casting, hammering, welding, bead blasting, carving, filigree and inlay technology. By means of image and allegory, it implicitly transforms the theme of praying for blessings and auspiciousness into a figure, creates a fine product with rich pattern and exquisite carving, and expresses the spiritual character and value trend of Tibetan traditional art.

 

                                         

                                          木雕工艺

藏族木雕刀法纯朴圆润，细密流畅，喜爱用铜银镶边，工艺精细；最看重的“扎吾”即根瘤木，把制作的器皿根据图纹命名为“猪鬃纹”、“火焰纹”、“肝脏纹”、“猫头眼纹”等，认为这样可以驱邪防毒、身体健康。藏区寺院的大梁、斗 、拱、门窗、香案、神龛、佛像等，都离不开木雕工艺。

                                                                                 Wood Carving Technology

Tibetan wood carving cutting skill is simple, fluent, fine and smooth. Tibetan decorate the edge with copper and silver, which is fine in technology. The most important one is “Zhawu" ,which is root nodule wood. According to the pattern, the utensils are named "bristle pattern", "flame pattern", "liver pattern", "cat's head and eye pattern", which can drive away evil, prevent poison and keep healthy. The main beams, dippers, arches, doors and windows, incense tables, shrines, Buddha statues of the monasteries in Tibetan areas are all inseparable from wood carving technology.

 

 

   

 

                                    藏族服饰

藏族服饰历史悠久、结构独特。藏袍主要特征是肥腰、大襟、宽袖，早在公元前一世纪前后就已定型。

牧民穿着用绵羊皮加工的长袍，结构肥大，袖子宽畅，穿脱自如，抵风御寒，经久耐用。穿时提起下摆与膝盖平齐，腰带一束怀里形成大囊，里面可装不少随身用品；白天气温升高时可脱袖露臂，夜间解开腰带，长过人体的皮袍即可充当被褥。

藏族服饰同其他民族服饰一样，经历了由简到繁，再从繁到简的发展过程，品类繁多，概括分为锦缎袍、皮袍、无袖袍、短衣、衬衫、长筒裤、坎肩、腰带、帽、靴、围裙、发饰、首饰、佩饰等。

                                                                            Tibetan clothing

Tibetan clothing has a long history and unique structure. The main characteristics of Tibetan robes are fat waist, large lapel and wide sleeves, which were finalized around the first century BC.

Herdsmen wear robes made of large and loose sheepskin, with large structure, wide sleeves, which is easy to wear and take off, resistant to wind and cold, and durable as well. When wearing, lift the hem to be flush with the knee, fasten the belt to form a big bag which can hold many personal things. When the temperature rises in the daytime, you can take off the sleeve and expose your arm. And at night, you can untie the belt ,so that the leather robe that is longer than the human body can be used as the bedding.

Like other ethnic costumes, Tibetan costumes have gone through the development process from simple to complex and back to simple. There are many categories, including brocade robes, leather robes, sleeveless robes, short clothes, shirts, trousers, waistbands, belts, hats, boots, aprons, hair ornaments, jewelry, accessories, etc.